# Copyright Materialize, Inc. and contributors. All rights reserved.
#
# Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License
# included in the LICENSE file at the root of this repository.
#
# As of the Change Date specified in that file, in accordance with
# the Business Source License, use of this software will be governed
# by the Apache License, Version 2.0.

mode cockroach

simple conn=mz_system,user=mz_system
ALTER SYSTEM SET unsafe_enable_table_keys = true
----
COMPLETE 0

statement ok
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS band_members;

statement ok
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS people;

statement ok
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS bands;

statement ok
CREATE TABLE bands (
    id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT NOT NULL
)

statement ok
CREATE TABLE people (
    id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    born DATE NOT NULL,
    died DATE
)

statement ok
CREATE TABLE band_members (
    b_id INT NOT NULL, -- REFERENCES bands(id),
    p_id INT NOT NULL -- REFERENCES people(id)
)

statement ok
INSERT INTO bands VALUES
    (1, 'The Beatles')

statement ok
INSERT INTO people VALUES
    (1, 'John Lennon', '1940-10-09', '1980-12-08'),
    (2, 'George Harrison', '1943-02-25', '2001-11-29'),
    (3, 'Paul McCartney', '1942-06-18', NULL),
    (4, 'Richard Starkey', '1940-07-07', NULL)

statement ok
INSERT INTO band_members VALUES
    (1, 1),
    (1, 2),
    (1, 3),
    (1, 4)

# Simple case: EXCEPT ALL with a const literal constraint.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
(
    SELECT id FROM people
)
EXCEPT
(
    SELECT id FROM people WHERE id = 5
)
----
Explained Query:
  Union // { non_negative: true }
    Project (#0{id}) // { non_negative: true }
      ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
    Negate // { non_negative: false }
      Project (#0{id}) // { non_negative: true }
        Filter (#0{id} = 5) // { non_negative: true }
          ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Simple case: EXCEPT ALL with an IS NOT NULL filter.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
(
    SELECT id FROM people
)
EXCEPT ALL
(
    SELECT id FROM people WHERE died IS NOT NULL
)
----
Explained Query:
  Union // { non_negative: true }
    Project (#0{id}) // { non_negative: true }
      ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
    Negate // { non_negative: false }
      Project (#0{id}) // { non_negative: true }
        Filter (#3{died}) IS NOT NULL // { non_negative: true }
          ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Simple case: EXCEPT.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
SELECT name FROM people
EXCEPT
SELECT name FROM people WHERE id > 1
----
Explained Query:
  Union // { non_negative: true }
    Distinct project=[#0{name}] // { non_negative: true }
      Project (#1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
        ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
    Negate // { non_negative: false }
      Distinct project=[#0{name}] // { non_negative: true }
        Project (#1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
          Filter (#0{id} > 1) // { non_negative: true }
            ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Negative example: EXCEPT ALL that should not be confused for an EXCEPT
# the two inputs have a Reduce *with aggregates*.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
SELECT MAX(id) FROM people GROUP BY name
EXCEPT ALL
SELECT MAX(id) FROM (SELECT * FROM people WHERE id > 1) GROUP BY name
----
Explained Query:
  Threshold // { non_negative: true }
    Union // { non_negative: false }
      Project (#1{max_id}) // { non_negative: true }
        Reduce group_by=[#1{name}] aggregates=[max(#0{id})] // { non_negative: true }
          Project (#0{id}, #1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
            ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        Project (#1{max_id}) // { non_negative: true }
          Reduce group_by=[#1{name}] aggregates=[max(#0{id})] // { non_negative: true }
            Project (#0{id}, #1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
              Filter (#0{id} > 1) // { non_negative: true }
                ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Complex example: EXCEPT ALL.
# Here ThresholdElision can only match in after some prior simplifications
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
(
    SELECT
        id, name
    FROM
        people
)
EXCEPT ALL
(
    SELECT
        *
    FROM
        (SELECT DISTINCT id FROM people) people_ids,
        LATERAL (
            SELECT name FROM people
            WHERE people.id = people_ids.id
            LIMIT 1
        )
)
----
Explained Query:
  With
    cte l0 =
      Project (#0{id}, #1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
        ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Union // { non_negative: true }
      Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        TopK group_by=[#0{id}] limit=1 // { non_negative: true }
          Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Complex example: EXCEPT.
# Here ThresholdElision can only match in after some prior simplifications
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
(
    SELECT
        id, name
    FROM
        people
)
EXCEPT
(
    SELECT
        *
    FROM
        (SELECT DISTINCT id FROM people) people_ids,
        LATERAL (
            SELECT name FROM people
            WHERE people.id = people_ids.id
            LIMIT 1
        )
)
----
Explained Query:
  With
    cte l0 =
      Project (#0{id}, #1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
        ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Union // { non_negative: true }
      Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        TopK group_by=[#0{id}] limit=1 // { non_negative: true }
          Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Complex example: CTE with a join.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
WITH cte AS (SELECT people.id FROM people, bands)
SELECT * FROM cte EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM cte where id > 5;
----
Explained Query:
  With
    cte l0 =
      CrossJoin type=differential // { non_negative: true }
        ArrangeBy keys=[[]] // { non_negative: true }
          Project (#0{id}) // { non_negative: true }
            ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
        ArrangeBy keys=[[]] // { non_negative: true }
          Project () // { non_negative: true }
            ReadStorage materialize.public.bands // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Union // { non_negative: true }
      Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        Filter (#0{id} > 5) // { non_negative: true }
          Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.bands
Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Complex example: CTE with a DISTINCT.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
WITH cte AS (SELECT DISTINCT name FROM people)
SELECT * FROM cte EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM cte WHERE name LIKE 'J%'
----
Explained Query:
  With
    cte l0 =
      Distinct project=[#0{name}] // { non_negative: true }
        Project (#1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
          ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Union // { non_negative: true }
      Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        Filter like["J%"](#0{name}) // { non_negative: true }
          Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Complex example: CTE with a GROUP BY.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
WITH a(birth_year, no_people_born) AS (
    SELECT EXTRACT(year from born), COUNT(*)
    FROM people
    GROUP BY EXTRACT(year from born)
)
SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT (SELECT * FROM a WHERE birth_year > 1940);
----
Explained Query:
  With
    cte l0 =
      Reduce group_by=[extract_year_d(#0{born})] aggregates=[count(*)] // { non_negative: true }
        Project (#2{born}) // { non_negative: true }
          ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Union // { non_negative: true }
      Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        Filter (#0{birth_year} > 1940) // { non_negative: true }
          Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Complex example: a chain of CTEs with:
# (1) an EXCEPT ALL in cte1 (that is, a plan containing Negate),
# (2) a non-pushable operation (Distinct) in the cte2,
# (3) an EXCEPT in the final result,
# The optimization still removes the Threshold operators in both
# (1) and (3) because the non negative value inferred for cte1
# prior to the rewrite is maintained for downstream rewrites.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
WITH cte1 AS (
    SELECT * FROM people
    EXCEPT ALL
    SELECT * FROM people WHERE name LIKE 'J%'
), cte2 AS (
    SELECT DISTINCT * FROM cte1
)
SELECT * FROM cte2
EXCEPT
SELECT * FROM cte2 WHERE name LIKE 'P%';
----
Explained Query:
  With
    cte l0 =
      Distinct project=[#0{id}..=#3{died}] // { non_negative: true }
        Union // { non_negative: true }
          ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
          Negate // { non_negative: false }
            Filter like["J%"](#1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
              ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Union // { non_negative: true }
      Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        Filter like["P%"](#1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
          Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# Complex example (unsupported): A - (σ(p)(A) ⊎ σ(q)(A)).
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
SELECT name FROM people
EXCEPT ALL
(
    SELECT name FROM people WHERE id = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT name FROM people WHERE id = 2
)
----
Explained Query:
  Threshold // { non_negative: true }
    Union // { non_negative: false }
      Project (#1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
        ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        Project (#1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
          Filter (#0{id} = 1) // { non_negative: true }
            ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
      Negate // { non_negative: false }
        Project (#1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
          Filter (#0{id} = 2) // { non_negative: true }
            ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# WMR
# https://github.com/MaterializeInc/database-issues/issues/5344

# WMR -- Threshold in the loop-invariant part
# The "Very basic" implementation from database-issues#5344 should handle this.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
WITH MUTUALLY RECURSIVE
  c0(id int, name text) as (
    SELECT id, name FROM people
    EXCEPT
    SELECT id, name FROM people WHERE id > 1
  ),
  c1(id int, name text) as (
    (SELECT id, name || '_init' FROM c0)
    UNION
    (
      SELECT id, name || '_iter' FROM c1
    )
  )
SELECT * FROM c1
----
Explained Query:
  With Mutually Recursive
    cte l0 =
      Distinct project=[#0{id}, #1] // { non_negative: true }
        Union // { non_negative: true }
          Project (#0{id}, #2) // { non_negative: true }
            Map ((#1{name} || "_init")) // { non_negative: true }
              Union // { non_negative: true }
                Project (#0{id}, #1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
                  ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
                Negate // { non_negative: false }
                  Project (#0{id}, #1{name}) // { non_negative: true }
                    Filter (#0{id} > 1) // { non_negative: true }
                      ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
          Project (#0, #2) // { non_negative: true }
            Map ((#1{name} || "_iter")) // { non_negative: true }
              Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# WMR -- Threshold inside the cycle -- Two Thresholds, the second one should be easy to eliminate, because the result of
# the first one is obviously non-negative.
# The "Basic" implementation from database-issues#5344 should handle this.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
WITH MUTUALLY RECURSIVE
  c1(id int, name text) as (
    (SELECT id, name || '_init' FROM people)
    UNION
    (
      SELECT id, name || '_iter' FROM c2
      EXCEPT
      SELECT id, name || '_iter' FROM c2 WHERE id > 1
    )
  ),
  c2(id int, name text) as (
    SELECT * FROM c1
    EXCEPT
    SELECT * FROM c1 WHERE id > 2
  )
SELECT * FROM c1
----
Explained Query:
  With Mutually Recursive
    cte l0 =
      Distinct project=[#0{id}, #1] // { non_negative: true }
        Union // { non_negative: false }
          Project (#0{id}, #4) // { non_negative: true }
            Map ((#1{name} || "_init")) // { non_negative: true }
              ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
          Distinct project=[#0, (#1{name} || "_iter")] // { non_negative: true }
            Get l1 // { non_negative: true }
          Negate // { non_negative: false }
            Distinct project=[#0, (#1{name} || "_iter")] // { non_negative: true }
              Filter (#0{id} > 1) // { non_negative: true }
                Get l1 // { non_negative: true }
    cte l1 =
      Union // { non_negative: true }
        Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
        Negate // { non_negative: false }
          Filter (#0{id} > 2) // { non_negative: true }
            Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

# WMR -- Threshold inside the cycle.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
WITH MUTUALLY RECURSIVE
  c0(id int, name text) as (
    (SELECT id, name || '_init' FROM people)
    UNION
    (
      SELECT id, name || '_iter' FROM c0
      EXCEPT
      SELECT id, name || '_iter' FROM c0 WHERE id > 1
    )
  )
SELECT * FROM c0
----
Explained Query:
  With Mutually Recursive
    cte l0 =
      Distinct project=[#0{id}, #1] // { non_negative: true }
        Union // { non_negative: false }
          Project (#0{id}, #4) // { non_negative: true }
            Map ((#1{name} || "_init")) // { non_negative: true }
              ReadStorage materialize.public.people // { non_negative: true }
          Distinct project=[#0{id}, (#1{name} || "_iter")] // { non_negative: true }
            Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
          Negate // { non_negative: false }
            Distinct project=[#0, (#1{name} || "_iter")] // { non_negative: true }
              Filter (#0{id} > 1) // { non_negative: true }
                Get l0 // { non_negative: true }
  Return // { non_negative: true }
    Get l0 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.people

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF

statement ok
CREATE TABLE t1 (f1 INTEGER, f2 INTEGER);

# Literal filter, which would be made unrecognizable by
# ColumnKnowledge, LiteralLifting, EquivalencePropagation.
query T multiline
EXPLAIN OPTIMIZED PLAN WITH(non negative, humanized expressions) AS VERBOSE TEXT FOR
SELECT f1 FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT f1 FROM t1 WHERE f1 = 5;
----
Explained Query:
  Union // { non_negative: false }
    Distinct project=[#0{f1}] // { non_negative: true }
      Project (#0{f1}) // { non_negative: true }
        ReadStorage materialize.public.t1 // { non_negative: true }
    Negate // { non_negative: false }
      Map (5) // { non_negative: true }
        Distinct project=[] // { non_negative: true }
          Project () // { non_negative: true }
            Filter (#0{f1} = 5) // { non_negative: true }
              ReadStorage materialize.public.t1 // { non_negative: true }

Source materialize.public.t1

Target cluster: quickstart

EOF